COVID-19: Upgraded by WHO from Epidemic to Pandemic
Interview opportunities with Coronavirus authority Mark Bruce, D.O.
Tests indicate the COVID-19 Coronavirus can survive in the air for three hours and on surfaces for three days!
Those are the bombshell results from a study from Princeton University study, UCLA and the National Institutes of Health. Their test results conclude there is no need for direct human contact. All a person as to do is breathe the air or touch a surface and they can become a dual victim and carrier.
On the same day these results were release, the World Health Organization upgraded the COVID-19 coronavirus from Epidemic to Pandemic status.
We are joined by Dr. Mark Bruce, an Emergency Room Physician who is on the front line in the expected escalation of the novel coronavirus to put the outbreak in perspective.
Q&A:
- Dr. Bruce, as an emergency room physician, you’ve seen it all. What do you make of this news that COVID-19 has been found to be far more contagious than earlier believed?
ANSWER: I am not surprised given the rapid rise of new persons affected.
- Does this mean that a person can literally catch this coronavirus by sitting on a toilet?
ANSWER: Unlikely. Although the virus has been isolated in urine, stool, and blood, we don’t know if the virus is infective in those body fluids.
- What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic and do you think the WHO made the right call here?
ANSWER: It is not unreasonable to call COVID-19 an epidemic which is properly defined as a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. Whether or not it is pandemic is moot since everyone is acting like it is a pandemic, which is when an epidemic involves an entire country or the Global Community.
- What do we know about COVID-19 and how it differs from prior similar bugs?
ANSWER: The coronavirus family has an affinity to lungs/lower respiratory tract and causing pneumonia. Viral pneumonias are not treated with antibiotics like bacterial pneumonias, but rather with supportive measures, like oxygen, pulmonary hygiene, and dealing with the other issues that respiratory compromise can cause. In contrast, most ‘cold’ viruses have more of an attraction to the upper respiratory tract, the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes. COVID-19 seems to be easy to transmit/spread, and can have a long life (6-12 hours) on metal surfaces. In addition to respiratory droplets, the virus can be found in blood, urine, and stool, however the viability of the virus in these body fluids is unclear.
- The Coronavirus story has been the #1 in world news media for weeks now. Are we over-reacting?
ANSWER: It is easy to over-react when you don’t know what is going on. Sadly, there is also the dynamic of political bias and a very uncivil political discourse, particularly in our country in an election year. When you have a Democratic Presidential candidate claiming that President Trump and Vice President Pence do not believe in Science, is proof positive that the Democrats are weaponizing the issue, and not letting a good crisis go to waste.
- In contrast to over-reaction in the U.S., might we be correct in calling the initial Chinese response an under-reaction?
ANSWER: The under-reaction by China leaders seems to have been in the initial stages of this outbreak in China. From what we can ascertain, local officials did not want to look bad to their superiors by asking for help. Then those higher-ups did not want to look bad in the world community by admitting the failure of their system, or their need for help. China is not an open and transparent society. Any time there are political constraints on the scientific and medical communities, it is a recipe for a disaster. We saw this in the USA during the early stages of the HIV crisis in the 1980’s, and we are still dealing with the repercussions of that.
- You have talked about the COVID-19 outbreak being a ‘perfect storm’. Explain what you mean by that.
ANSWER: The timing of this Covid-19 outbreak was during the Chinese New Year. This is the peak travel time in Asia, and many other parts of the world. So, a novel virus got a free ride, with no existing testing procedure or treatment since it hadn’t been recognized or identified before. It was a healthcare disaster’s perfect storm: Scientific/medical constraints applied for political reasons; it was something not seen before; it was during a time of maximum travel to and gatherings in, resource limited environments; all of this with an incredibly divided American political leadership, which is struggling to find consensus on how to lead the world in providing a soft landing for this crisis.
- Now that the genie is out of the bottle, so to speak, what should be the medical order of the day?
ANSWER: The first rule of any epidemic is to protect the uninfected. That is how you keep an epidemic from becoming a pandemic. The problem with Covid-19 is that it is a novel virus, meaning that we haven’t identified it before. We do know about the family of viruses that this is part of, the coronavirus family, most notably in the SARS epidemic of 2003. SARS, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, also created widespread panic. I was in Asia during that outbreak and witnessed it up close. This was mostly contained in Asia, where the Covid-19 outbreak also began. I am seeing evidence of panic here and in the Global Community which can be more harmful than the actual reason for the panic.
- How do you push back against the panic?
ANSWER: Through knowledge and perspective. First you need to understand that while COVID-19 is a significant problem, the vast majority of people that get infected with it will either be asymptomatic or have a mild illness and recover completely. There is a well-known at-risk population such as the elderly and patients with either chronic diseases, or who are immune compromised because of cancer, HIV, or because of the medications that they are taking (chemotherapy, biologics); these need to have a high level of protection. Knowing who is at risk and protecting them will go a long way toward keeping the community well. Perspective: today and each day in America there are 2,000 people that will die of their heart disease, and since Oct. 1, 2019, CDC estimates that there are 18,000-45,000 people that have died of Influenza A or B. While the numbers of COVID-19 patients will certainly increase, reasonable commonsense precautions are the order of the day.
- China is a closed society, not too dissimilar to the USSR in the 1950’s and ’60’s, even until the iron curtain fell in 1989. As a physician who has treated patients on multiple continents, I believe you have some perspective here.
ANSWER: I remember an incident where the Soviets blamed an outbreak of pulmonary anthrax on contaminated American beef; but the outbreak was near a Soviet bio factory which had an explosion, and the only way to get pulmonary anthrax from beef, is to snort it. A lack of transparency lends itself to suspicion and mistrust, to over- and under-reacting. There are still lingering questions regarding the perplexing proximity of a Chinese bio lab being located at ground zero of the COVID-19 outbreak.
- Speaking of international relations and politics, tell us your remarkable story of a unique gift you received from a famous Presidential family.
ANSWER: The space pup, Pushinka, the gift of state from Khrushchev to the Kennedy family at the 1961 Vienna Summit Conference, was a step toward building a trusting relationship during the apex of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. In a similar way, albeit on a less grand scale, the Kennedys’ gift of the pupnik named Streaker to me as a child was a way to build relationship between a Midwestern, Protestant, Republican family and an East Coast Elite, Catholic, Democrat family. Any relationship requires nurture, and that is what Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and I did through the 60’s, 70’s, and 80’s. I chronicled that story in my book, Jackie, A Boy, and A Dog: A Warm Cold War Story, just released on March 1, 2020.
- How does that circle back to China, the United States, and Covid-19?
ANSWER: There were hopeful strides in building a trusting relationship at the beginning of the Trump administration, with the Chinese head of state meeting with Trump in Mar-A-Lago. However, it appears no significant steps are being taken since by China to build trusting relationships with the West, specifically with the U.S. The health and the economies of the world have become so intertwined that when China or the United States sneezes, the rest of the world catches a cold. Now China has sneezed, we had best take steps to protect the uninfected from catching their ‘gift’ to the world: The COVID-19 coronavirus.
Dr. Mark Bruce is an emergency room physician and the Ambassador to Belize and Canada for the American College of Emergency Physicians. His most recent book is ‘Jackie, a Boy and a Dog: A Warm Cold War Story’, about how First Lady Jackie Kennedy gave him a puppy when his dog died.
